Supply Chain Management in Tehindo Tea Manufacturing Company Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The company has big parts of land, which they grow tea thus supplying over eleven sale centers with various sales offices in Indonesia. Integrating the supplier’s actions on its own has become unachievable by several companies given the need for the company to minimize inventories and be able to deliver customers’ demands on time. This has been very helpful to the company since they have been able to concentrate more on the production and distribution sections of the company. The other responsibility of the manufacturers is ensuring that the products are safe at the design stage, where they can eliminate the hazards and any potential misuse in this stage. On the other hand, the manufacturer receives the raw materials from the suppliers and produces goods as per the market segment and those products that will satisfy the consumer needs. In addition, the manufacturers sometimes when they sell their goods direct to the consumers that they tend to control the prices of the ir products. The manufacturer also receives information from the distributors, wholesalers, and retailers about the products sales thus it becomes helpful in forecasting or making a decision of which product to invest more. The distributors, wholesalers, and the retailers act as the intermediaries for the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management in Tehindo Tea Manufacturing Company or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Their main responsibility is making sure the company’s products are safely delivered and available to consumers. The flow of information is important in the supply chain especially to the manufacturing company. Every key player in the supply chain ought to provide potential information and correct statistics that the company can use to predict its production rates and the product to produce more depending on the demand rate in the market segment. Supply chain complexity in the company is evident it has over the years grown exponentially due to several factors such as several market segments, extended production chains, high product choice and configurations, and temporary demand cycles. For the company to be in a position of perfectly manage it supply chains, it is necessary to remove the complexity in order to get rid of the inefficiencies and the layers hidden costs. Comparative analysis of the two products/supply chain in terms of challeng es The Tehindo tea company produces two major types of tea namely Goteh mainly called Jasmine tea and Fteh mostly referred to as Fruity tea. Goteh is mainly packed in glass bottles though a small number is packed in the tetra pack. The main advantage of the product is that it produces a majority of revenue to the company since it is consumed by all market segment.

Throughout Lifetime We All Go Through Experiences That

Throughout lifetime we all go through experiences that causes our moods to change for better or for worse. These feelings of melancholy and joyfulness are ordinary human emotions that often do not affect our everyday life. But there is a condition known as Bipolar Disorder that changes all of this. This essay will discuss the stigma and structural violence associated with Bipolar Disorder and mental illness. It will also discuss how popular cultural depicts mental health. Bipolar disorder also known as manic- depressive illness is a chronic mental illness characterized by fluctuations in mood and energy that manifests as recurrent episodes of highs which are called mania and extreme lows known as depression(WebMD). There are several†¦show more content†¦Because these stigmas are so widespread and persistent this causes the public to have limited knowledge of this disorder and many other mental illnesses. Stigma shows how people with certain disorder are made to feel unwelcom e and excluded by society (Barry,Yuill). The podcast that I listen to by an African American woman by the name of Angelique Mayes, who was thirty-two years old and from Chicago. Mrs. Mayes was formerly diagnosed with bipolar disorder after graduating college. She suffered episodes of mania where she had the compulsion for extreme shopping. What was so fascinating to me was she discussed what I think is a big problem in the African American community of not discussing mental illness. She stated that the black community has a stigma about psychiatry. Being an African American female I agree with her because, we as a community feel as though we don’t need to seek out help from a psychiatrist. We feel as though we can receive help through religion in the form of prayer. Mrs. Mayes expresses that although religion is a good thing, god would want us to seek additional help. I think this stigma has been passed down through our society. The best example that I can give that verifies Mrs. Mayes claims is the TV show Empire th at airs on Fox. InShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Yolo 1041 Words   |  5 PagesLike many of you I have been anticipating this day since the beginning of senior year, and WOW what a fun year it has been. We’ve won a league football title, shared a few laughs, tore apart the spirit monkey, shared a few laughs, we had our tennis and lacrosse teams go into districts, shared a few laughs, and most importantly, make some lifelong memories along the way (and did I mention share a few laughs). Today I am going to transform the ever popular saying â€Å"YOLO† (You only live once) into a moreRead MoreThe Basic Architecture Of The Brain1025 Words   |  5 PagesYou live and you learn, from the moment that we breathe our first breath, we are assimilating and are acquiring information. Life changing and profound learning experiences happen before we can even speak, as children our learning process is grandiose. Harvard University published a series of summaries on Child d evelopment. One of these articles mentions that â€Å"The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through an ongoing process that begins before birth and continues into adulthood.† (InBrief:Read MoreStrength Quest Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesempathy, harmony, responsibility, and communication. In all honesty these results did and did not surprise me. I have always been very aware from a young age I have always, I mean always strived towards achievement. I am that individual who actually suffers from guilt, promotes internal stress for themselves if during the day I am not actively achieving something in which I feel is important or needs to get done. And this rule applies to all situations, I could be sick with a high fever lying on theRead MoreBreaking The Ice As A Philosopher For A Week880 Words   |  4 Pagesweek Since what we do is a reaction to some form of stimuli, I do to some extent, believe that we are basically a Blank Slate and most of our behaviors are influenced and shaped by the environment we grow up in. Our background says a lot about our character and functionality. We will take what we have learned from one community to the next; that is called experience. Humans adapt and conform to fit in and to survive so throughout our lifetime we accumulate a lot of experiences that control ourRead MoreCollege Students Should Study Abroad1687 Words   |  7 PagesStudents all across the nation are given a choice. They have a choice to continue on their education after high school, and they have a choice to go straight to the work field. 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Taking a Look at Government Shutdowns - 1427 Words

A government shutdown can be a scary and traumatic event, but how worried should America really be? What causes a shutdown to happen? Under the Constitution, Congress must pass laws to spend money. If Congress cannot agree on a spending bill –or the president vetoes it- the government does not have the legal authority to spend money. Therefore, the House and Senate must agree on a law to pass one. If they cannot agree, they will briefly shutdown the government until they come to resolution. Any shutdown would begin when the fiscal year ends (12 month period, starting October 1 and ending September 30) and it would end immediately after the president signs a spending bill. Most government shutdowns last no more than three days. Some last less than a day but the longest was 21 days, from December 16, 1995, through January 5, 1996. From 19 76 to present, there have been 17 shutdowns according to the Congressional Research Service. However, there are no recorded shutdowns before 1976. 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The government, it says, seems to be preparing to adopt a firm stance, limiting discussions with the unionsRead More2016 Presidential Race Picking Up1213 Words   |  5 Pagesfund managers widely. Additionally, private equity firms are being scrutinized for taking investors’ money regardless of whether or not they allocate the capital into deals. These two major issues from both the public and private sector will very likely disrupt the norms and traditions that the private equity industry has held for some time now; so the only question is â€Å"what will the future of private equity look like?† †¢ Barack Obama is renewing the carried interest tax fight with support from

Analysis Of The Article Grisly Assyrian Record Of...

The article â€Å"Grisly Assyrian Record of Torture and Death† by Erika Bleibtreu gives an insight into the ways of the Assyrian military campaigns and battles. During Mesopotamian times, wars were what divided ruling periods. There were many different groups of people that dominated Ancient Mesopotamia, and the Assyrians were one of them. Assyria, a powerful ancient empire, once sprawled across the entirety of the Fertile Crescent. It encompassed land in four modern day countries: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Assyrians were a force to not be reckoned with, for they destroyed cities and devastated crop fields and killed many people. The Assyrians did so well mainly because of their great talent to resist and overwhelm their enemies. There was never a point in time that the Assyrians were ever at peace, they were always involved in some sort of conflict. Assyrian national history, as it has been preserved for us in inscriptions and pictures, almost solely consists of just the Assyrian battles and campaigns. After reading the article, I question myself â€Å"Why were the Assyrians at war so much?† Bleibtreu makes the answer clear, the Assyrians were power and land hungry. The map of the beginning of the Assyrian empire compared to the map at the end of the Assyrian empire were completely different. The Assyrian empire went through much expansion during the time period that they ruled. The Assyrians wanted complete control over everything and everyone; as a matter of fact they

The Perfect Storm Free Essays

The night slowly filling with mist as the thunder clouds came together. Every afternoon in summer, Jenny, Oscar, Charlotte and Ginny love to sit on the porch watching the sprinkle of rain falling from above. But this was not just a normal summer storm; it was the perfect storm that would shock all who lived in Alice Springs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perfect Storm or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scraps of the tree branches hitting the tin roof as the wind swooped in. In the distance, the roll of clouds could be seen as they filled the sky above; covering all light that now couldn’t be seen. In his raincoat Oscar ventured out to the far shed to get a better view of the coming storm. Through the long grass he went to the shed, to keep warm from the incoming storm. They is sat and watched with the barn animals outside the cows, horse chickens and his dog George. As the storm grew bigger, heavier and gradually crept closer the excitement grew within the children; of Jenny, Charlotte and Ginny went to join their brother Oscar in the far shed, despite what their mother had told them to stay in the house as nothing good would come from being closer to the storm. Waiting for the storm to arrive took a lot long the children first thought of, as they waited they got hungry, got tired and slowly started to fall asleep. A loud clap of thunder shoock the shed awaking thall of the children that were now fast asleep. Jenny the oldest, opened the door to see what was the problem; as Ginny and Charlotte watched from the window pressing their faces against it waiting to see what they could see. Oscar just sat still as a Nome awaiting the reply of one of his sister to tell him what happening as he was afraid of what, was going to happen next. Franticly from the window Charlotte saw Jenny running back with a worried look on her face. As she tried to open the shed door the pressure from the wind flooded in slamming it into the wall, sending the loose had flying around the shed, creating a tornado of sharp, prickly hay. The force of the wind and the hay broke the window that was above Ginny. It broke on to her lap, cutting her leg. It was a small but deep cut, that oozed red thick blood. Oscar ran into the storage room grabbing sheets and ripping them apart and tying them around her arm. Now the storm was too fierce to run back through the grass to the house. All they could do now was wait and hope for the storm to be over soon. They pressed themselves against the wall pressing their faces one against one huddling and staying warm. Oscar heard an animal cry coming from outside. He went to investigate from the shattered window above. He saw the horses, cows, chickens squeezing and running for shelter under the big oak tree 20 metres away. A sudden scratch was heard at the door. But not knowing what it was he didn’t opening the door. Through a jagged small hole in the wall their beloved god George squeezed through, wet, scared and tired. He ran quickly to Oscar jumping into is arms and nestled into his jumper. As they waited they listen and heard the hail stones hitting into the roof above, the loud thunder claps that shock the shed followed by the bright lightning bolts that lit up the yard and the shed. They felt like prisoners in a house, being kept close and tight and not allowed to move. They battle in the sky grew louder and louder, all around them all that could be heard was thunder, hail and lightning in the sky, shinning like diamonds. The time slowly passed, one hour; two hours gone slowly they feel deep, deep asleep. Ginny dreamed of a rainbow all the colours filling the sky. Oscar dreamed of the smell of bacon being swept up in the wind from his mums cooking, Charlotte dreamed of a cubby house where she could play day in and day out. AS Jenny did not have dream but a nightmare. Thinking of the worst possible outcome for tomorrow; waking up, no siblings around her, no shelter above, and only scraps of the house spread in the distant paddocks. Knowing she had no one left, no rainbow, no smell of bacon, no cubby house, nothing. Her nightmare shook her around, flinching in her sleep she awoke. Slowly she crawled to the door and opened it and saw a bright blue sky and yellow sun with a colourful rainbow painted in the sky above it was morning. High pitched scream destruction the storm caused as the most important things were there her siblings. A whiff of bacon was smell as it passed through the door, their mother was safe and what cooking them breakfast. All of the dream were true as in the distance there cubby house was still standing. The perfect storm had come to an end. Was heard from her mouth as the storm was over her worst nightmare was gone they survived the tormenting thunder and hail and best of all she could see her siblings. Charlotte, Ginny and Oscar woke up by the scream and were compressed together underneath Jenny’s body. The sign of hope was in the sky and nothing would ruin this moment, not the destruction that now was. How to cite The Perfect Storm, Papers The Perfect Storm Free Essays Severe Weather Analysis THE PERFECT STORM Due: March 25, 2010 50 Points Using data from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) and any other peripheral sources, please provide a discussion and analysis of the severe weather events surrounding the loss of the Andrea Gail and rescue of the Satori as presented in the book, The Perfect Storm, by Sebastian Junger. You are given the following clues: 1. Dates: 27 October 1991 – 1 November 1991 2. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perfect Storm or any similar topic only for you Order Now General location: North Atlantic Ocean, latitude/longitude coordinates from text 3. Events as portrayed in the novel. 4. The NOAA special storm report for this event (below) From these initial data points, use maps, the library, the internet and your knowledge to develop a more fully synthesized description and explanation of weather events as they relate to the events experienced by the crew of the Andrea Gail, Coast Guard and yacht Satori. NOAA page for the â€Å"Perfect Storm† http://www. ncdc. noaa. gov/oa/satellite/satelliteseye/cyclones/pfctstorm91/pfctstorm. html The following websites will be useful to develop maps. http://www. cdc. noaa. gov/Composites/Day/ http://www. cdc. noaa. gov/cgi-bin/Composites/printpage. l To characterize the storm and its development, and to relate these factors to the story, you may map any variable/aspect of the days that these events were occurring. Consider and present factors such as storm intensity and track, fronts, jet stream and surface winds. I suggest using (mapping) some of the following variables: temperature, specific humidity (for moisture), vector wind and geopotential height (to show pressure disturbances) to represent the atmosphere at the surface, and possibly at other levels such as the lower troposphere (850 mb), middle troposphere (500 mb) and upper troposphere (300 mb). Based on what you know of storms, describe how the atmospheric environment contributed to the development of the weather systems that destroyed the Andrea Gail. You have been given the what, the when and the where – you must provide the why and the how. Deliverables: Technical memorandum: Minimum of 3 typed pages of text diagnosing the weather event and relating specific portions of the storm’s anatomy to the location of the vessels and events in The Perfect Storm, plus maps. Cite all references and images. How to cite The Perfect Storm, Papers

Business and Corporate Law Effective Functioning of Business

Question: Discuss about the Business and Corporate Law for Effective Functioning of Business. Answer: Business contracts and their enforceability is essential part of the effective functioning of the businesses. In this context, this report analyses whether contract is enforceable or not in the given situations. 1. Situation (a) Jane is going overseas and offers to give her Lotus super 7 sports car to Jack. The market value for this vehicle is around $25000. Jack accepts. The issue is to identify whether consideration is present and the agreement is legally enforceable. Analysis Consideration is necessary to forming a valid contract. According to the Australian contract law, consideration can be defined as the price of a transaction between two parties. In consideration there are two parties, one is promisor and another is promisee (Dickinson, et al. 2014). In many jurisdictions, it is stated that there is no need to consideration in each and every exchange for a legal contract. In this given case there is no availability of consideration. In this situation market value of the sport car is given which is not worthwhile for the consideration. Jane is offering super 7 sports to jack, and he accepts this offer. However, no clarification of consideration is given, that Jack will give this much money to Jane. According to Australian law, only accepting the offer does not turn into contract. For a valid contract there should be some legality of consideration (Mitchell, et al. 2016). On the other hand, this contract is not enforceable because in this case there is no consideration. Related case: In case of White and Bluett (1853), father lent money to his son and said to stop complaining about the distribution of property among his children. After dying his father estate sue to pay the debt. In this there is not presence of consideration so this contract cannot be enforced by law. Conclusion: In the given case, the consideration is not present and hence this contract is unenforceable by law. Situation (b) Jane offers to sell Jack her Lotus super 7 sport car for $25,000 which is also equal to its market value. Jack accepts. The issue is to identify whether consideration is present and the agreement is legally enforceable. Analysis In the second case, Jane is offering the sport car for $25000, and jack accepts the offer to purchase the car. In this case the consideration is present because the value of the car is disclosed by the Jane and acceptance of this offer by jack, also depict the legality of contract. On the other hand, the price of car is offered is also worthwhile according to the market value of car. Along with this the two parties are performing the action of contract in exchange of car. On the other hand, the consideration is also moving from the promissor. According to the Australian contract law, consideration should have value but need not to be adequate (Round, 2013). as well as in this case the value of car is sufficient as Jane offers to Jack. In this case, Jane and Jack agreed upon the promise of purchasing and buying car. This contract is enforceable by law because all the legality related to the consideration has been fulfilled. As in this situation Jack accepting the agreement of contract, leads into enforceable by law. In this case the contract law of Australia is applicable to perform the action by two parties. Related Case: In case of Beaton v Mcdivitt (1987), Mcdivitt promised to transfer the portion of her land to the Beaton. Beaton moved to work on the land and worked as he required. After seven years, a dispute arose between the two parties, and Beaton was ordered off. In this case the consideration had been provided for working on the land. On the other hand in this case, the consideration was also sufficient (Australian Contract Law, 2010). Conclusion: Adequate consideration is present and the agreement is enforceable. Situation (c) Jane offers to sell her car for $2500 which is very low as compared to the market price of $25,000. Jack accepts the offer. The issue here is to identify whether the consideration is present and whether the agreement is legally binding to both the parties. Analysis: In this situation, it is clear that the consideration is present and thus, Jack has an enforceable agreement or contract. This is because an offer for sale was made and communicated by an offeror in return for a consideration and the acceptance of offer was communicated by the offeree to the offeror (Latimer, 2012). However, this situation reflects a case of inadequate consideration. As per the Contract Act, a contract made with inadequate consideration is not considered as void. As long as there is some consideration, the courts are not concerned about its adequacy. Consideration must be sufficient and should have legal value (Gibson and Fraser, 2012). Thus, for an agreement to be valid, the consideration need not be adequate. The adequacy of the consideration is something that can be decided by the parties involved in the contract. The consideration is considered to be sufficient if it is not illusionary, tangible and has some economic value (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). Moreover, a consideration should not be past. This means that a promise, if given after the goods has been exchanged or act performed is not enforceable. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that in this case Jane is offering her car for a consideration of $2500. Even though this consideration is inadequate, it contains economic value in the eyes of law. Also, since the offer and acceptance is communicated by both the parties, the agreement is enforceable by law. Therefore, Jack has entered an enforceable agreement. 2. Situation In this case, a ship maker company goes into a contract with North Ocean Tankers to build tankers. In this contract, no provision is included that contains the provision for currency fluctuations. But, after the devaluation of currency of United State by 10 percent, the ship maker demanded more US$3 million as compensation otherwise it would stop the construction of tankers. Therefore, North Ocean Tankers Company reluctantly agreed to pay more because it already booked a charter for the delivery on time. Now, the North Ocean Tanker Company wants to recover the exceed money after nine months of tankers delivery. Now, here the issue is whether buyer or North Ocean Company will succeed in recovery of excess money or not. Analysis Contract Law: A contract is a legally valid agreement between two or more parties. It makes the contractual relationship by different elements such as offer, acceptance, and valid consideration between each party (Mckendrick, 2012). In the above case, the contract is made between ship maker and North Ocean Company with a valid legal acceptance and consideration. But, this contract includes only sales provisions and considerations of tankers and does not include any type of consideration about currency fluctuations. Therefore, Duress law can be applied in this case which is described as below: Duress Law: In a contract, when an individual enters into an agreements as a result of threat than, that person goes to a contract law termed as Duress law. In other words, Duress refers to a situation where an individual acts as a result of threats, violence, and pressure from other person or party (Poole, 2014). Moreover, in Duress law only unlawful physical violence is considered as threats but in present time the courts have identified much economic duress in various situations or cases which is used as unlawful economic pressure. In Duress law there is no free consent as a vitiating aspect in context of contract law. Duress in contract law functions as a common law. The Duress law gives a rise to an action without the amounting of pressure for undue the influence of equity. The effect of finding undue influence and duress is that the contract will be voidable (Sullivan and Hilliard, 2014). But, the doctrine of Duress provides a wide scope for unlawful activities. From the analys is, it is found that duress may be of three types such as duress to the person, duress to goods, and economic duress. There are described as below: Duress to the person: Duress of the person refers to the threats of violence, and violence from other persons, whether it may be intended or actual. Beside this, there is no need of claimant in threat of violence (Holmes, 2013). The need of complainant is to prove that the pressure was the main reason to enter in contract. Duress to Goods: Duress of goods relates to threats by one party to another by seizing of goods and property through illegal way. In respect of duress, it is analyzed that the position of goods is seem likely not to survive if it is veteran in court. But, to achieve the claim in court it is essential for one party to demonstrate that another party made extremely pressure and leave no other alternative to avoid this threat (Laws, 2014). Economic Duress: In economic duress, one party makes illegal economic pressure in order to include another party in the contract (Rudolph, 2013). In concern of the given case study, the shipbuilder made economic duress on North Ocean Tankers to enter in the contract by demanding extra US$3 million due to the decline in value of currency as a result of unstable economic environment. In this context, the buyer has the right to recover excess money paid to shipbuilder. In economic duress, it is not essential for North Ocean Tankers to prove that the shipbuilder exerted pressure to enter in the contract. It is because economic duress alone is the big and main reason that forces another party to enter in the contract (Gearey et al, 2013). Similarly it is found that, the duress always makes a contract voidable and provides the right to recover the losses to injured party in terms of goods and money (Samuel, 2013). Moreover, the victim party can sue the other party for threats that are considered unlawful in the eyes of law. Related Case: For example, in the Universe SentinelCase, Liberian registered ship was black listed by a trade union. As a result, no any pull boats would be available, so the ship could not navigate and hence terrible consequences followed. The unions maintained a payment from its welfare fund as a condition to remove the name of the ship from the blacklist. In this case the owner of the ship is liable to pay the money to the union. The union may successfully claim for the recovery of the money under the doctrine of economic duress. Conclusion: In concern of the above case, it can be concluded that North Ocean Tankers has the right to recover the excess payment from the shipbuilder. It is because, the demand of extra US$3 million will be considered as illegitimate and economic pressure on the buyer was exerted that will make this contract voidable. Along with this, there was no alternative left for the North Ocean Tankers against the protest by shipbuilder in order to resist the pressure to stay on the contract. Additionally, protest by shipbuilder including threats to breach the contract makes the contract voidable in the court and provides the right to buyer to recover excess money from the shipbuilder. Reference Australian Contract Law (2010) Beaton v Mcdivitt [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/beaton.html (Accessed: 17 August, 2016) Clarke, P. and Clarke, J. (2016) Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives, 3rd edn. Australia: Oxford University Press. Dickinson, A., Keyes, M. and John, T. (2014) Australian Private international Law for the 21st Century: Facing Outwards. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. Gearey, A., Morrison, W. and Jago, R. (2013) The Politics of the Common Law: Perspectives, Rights, Processes, Institutions. USA: Routledge. Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2012) Business Law, 6th edn. Australia: Pearson. Holmes, O. W. (2013) The Common Law. USA: Courier Corporation. Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. Australia: CCH Australia Limited. Laws, J. (2014) The Common Law Constitution. UK: Cambridge University Press. Mckendrick, E. (2012) Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. USA: OUP Oxford. Mitchell, R., ODonnell, A., Marshall, S. and Ramsay, L. (2016) Law, Corporate Governance and Partnership at Work: A Study of Australian Regulatory Style and Business Practice. USA: Rouledge. Poole, J. (2014) Textbook on Contract Law. UK: Oxford University Press. Round, D. K. (2013) The Australian Trade Practices Act 1974: Proscriptions and Prescriptions for a More Competitive Economy. Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Rudolph, J. (2013) Common Law and Enlightenment in England. UK: Boydell Press. Samuel, G. (2013) A Short Introduction to the Common Law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J. (2014) The Law of Contract. UK: Oxford University Press.

Kyphosis Prevention And Correction Essay Example For Students

Kyphosis: Prevention And Correction Essay Kyphosis:Prevention and CorrectionThe natural physiological curves of the spinal column are formed in the first months and years of child’s development. With the raising of child’s head the first curve is made. That is a cervical curve – curve of a neck, and it is convex forward. With the first attempts to stand or with sitting the thoracic curve, the curve of the upper back, is made and it is convex backwards. When the child is old enough to stand, the lumbar curve, pointed forward, is made. In the first years of child’s life, if there are not any pre birth deficiencies, the spinal cord has its regular (normal) physiological position (Dunn 541). The future growth and development of individual vertebra is a long lasting process and in all periods of our life the vertebral column is adopting, getting stronger and adjusting with the other systems of our body and getting its definite shape. One of important factors for the development of spine is the individu al behavior and lifestyle. There are many more inner and outer factors but the individual influence of them is very small. There are many postural deviations that are influencing and affecting human body. I decided to write about the spinal deviation called Kyphosis, or Rounded Upper Back. The thoracic curve is, in this case, more distinct and the back is getting rounded look. The gravity is always acting on thoracic curve, trying to get it bigger. Active and passive forces of our body like muscles, ligaments, bones etc. are fighting against it and trying to keep our spine in the physiological limits. Those physiological limits when measured by Cub method on the profile x-ray of human body, are twenty to thirty five degrees (Radisavljevic 289). With the weakening of active and passive forces or by some other causes, the kyphotic curve will get bigger and lead to Kyphosis. The Scoliosis Research Society defines Kyphosis as a curvature of a spine measuring forty-five degrees or greater on a x-ray (Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, n.pag.). Sometimes Kyphosis is followed by the curve with the diffe rent orientation in the lumbar part of the back. This is called Compensatory Lordosis because the extensive lordotic curve is made because of the unbalance in the spinal column caused by Kyphosis. Kyphosis can be present at birth – Congenital or caused by the various conditions that may happened (Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, n.pag.) Congenital Kyphosis usually appears due to the changes in the bone structure when the wedge-shaped vertebrae are made, or with joining of two or more vertebrae. The other non-congenital conditions appear during the life span mainly caused by metabolic problems, neuromuscular conditions, rheumatic changes, osteogenesis imperfecta, spinal bifida, Sheuermann’s disease, shortsightedness, use of the â€Å"anti pain positions† and poor posture (Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, n.pag.). Poor posture is one of the causes of Kyphosis that should be treated more serious. More people should get involved including physica l education teacher, parents and other teachers. There are three delicate periods in which the body is more likely to suffer from these changes: the period when the child is rising, the beginning of child’s formal education, the puberty. Kyphosis can appear in with the old age, when it is called â€Å"senile† Kyphosis. There are two main groups of Kyphosis: Functional or reducible – they can be annulled by taking particular positions like laying on the back or hanging on the pole, or just by the contraction of the back muscles. Structural or irreducible – advanced stage. Now, besides the muscles, bones and ligaments are changing causing insufficiency of the spinal movements (Radisavljevic 292). We have to know that Kyphosis doesn’t only ruins our esthetical look but it causes a lot of other changes and problems like deficiency in movement ability of spinal joints, deficiency in rib movements which lead to the insufficiency of respiratory system, and changes in the bone structure. There are many ways to diagnose Kyphosis and it is usually done by a physician. Some of diagnostic procedures are x-rays, bone scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomogtaphy scan (CAT scan), blood tests etc. (Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, n.pag.). Prevention and early detection are of most importance in dealing with kyphotic children. Pediatricians, family physicians and even some school programs routinely look for the signs of the kyphotic posture in kids. Prevention should begin befor e the child arts to go to school or with the beginning of the school at the latest. As I said earlier, in this complex process of monitoring and prevention, except PE teachers and school physicians, it is necessary to involve other teachers and parents. It is important to emphasize the importance of good posture and all of the above should give positive influence and guidance. Everybody should make a contribution to accustoming a child to healthy habit of proper body positioning. Proper siting or â€Å"resting† posture and standing posture should be always recommended to the youth. Accompanying this, proper physical activities in PE classes, sport clubs and at home should be done to strengthen whole body and especially the back lower muscles, because back is important for the good posture (Radisavljevic 295). .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 , .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .postImageUrl , .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 , .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:hover , .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:visited , .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:active { border:0!important; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:active , .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020 .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u323973096e8459998c9af7eef7dbc020:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History Of Th People Of Crete EssayIn the process of correction, the stage (is it just at the beginning or advanced) has a big importance in choosing the right way of treatment. The treatment of functional Kyphosis: the first thing can be the correction of the thoracic curve by back muscle contractions in front of the mirror. The patient can stand sideways and look especially at the positioning of the head, neck and shoulders. after the posture correction in front of the mirror the following complex of exercises can be done: axis stretching of the back, stretching of the chest muscles, stretching of the pelvic-femoral muscles, stretching of the hamstrings, developing the muscles on the thoracic part of the back, developing the abdominal muscles, breathing exercises (Radisavljevic 291). The treatment of structural Kyphosis is done by a physician. Surgery is one of the ways and bracing is also used together with necessary exercises. Every case of Kyphosis should be treated individually, and in the cooperation with the school physician. Then special complex of exercises can be made and it can be done during regular or extra classes of physical education. Kyphotic kids should be the part of the regular PE classes, but the special care and attention should be provided to them. There are some exercises that these kids shouldn’t do because they can be injured or increase the kyphotic curve. All exercises that stretch the back should be avoided. Usually in the class there are going to be some kids with Kyphosis but also other kids with some other disorders or posture insufficiencies. I would have one part of my class, usually after the warming up, when the students would do individually assigned drills that would strengthen their weaknesses, used for prevention and correction. PE teachers have the important role in recognizing disabilities because and should take advantage of their classes to help students, and teach them something important. They can influence them much more than the other teachers and sometimes more than their parents, and teachers should take advantage of that. Sports and Games